Brasil

 

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Oficial Name Federative Republic of Brazil 

Superficie 8.511.965 Km2 
Weather Tropical / variable in the south 
Geography

The biggest country of South America.It has boundaries with all the countries excepting Chile and Ecuador. 

Capital City Brasilia 
Coin Real 
Population

166 millions of habitants
0-14 years old: 29% 
15-64 years old: 66% 
More than 65 years old: 5% 

Demographic Growth 1,7% per year 
Religion

80% catholic population 

Percentage of People Instruction 81% of the adult population 
Type of goverment  Federal Republic (Federative Republic of Brazil) 
President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (since January 1rst, 2003)
Organization

Executive Power:

The President is elected for 4 years with the right of re-election, Vice-president and Cabinet of Ministries.

Legislative Power:

Senate of 81 members elected for a period of eight (8) years.Chamber of deputies of 513 members elected for a period of 4 years.

Judicial Power:

Supreme Court of Justice integrated by 11 life judges. 

Administrative division  26 States, 1 Federal District 
National Day September 7th, 1822 Celebration of the Independence 
Constitution October 5th, 1988 
Popular Parties Brazilian Democratic Party (PMDB)
Labour Party (PTB)
Social Democracy (PSDB)
Socialist (PSB)
Democratic Labour Party (PDT) 
Natural Resources Magnesium, bauxite, iron mineral, uranium, oil, precious stones, wood and aluminium. 
Agriculture Coffee, soy seeds, sugar cane, cacao, rice, corn, oranges, wheat and tobacco. 
Industries Textiles, footwear, chemical products, cement, iron mining, automotive parts, machinery and equipment. 
Phone Lines 19 millions (1997) 
Mobile Phone Lines 4 millions (1997) 
Internet Service Providers 197 (1999) 
TV stations 138 (1997) 
Railways 27.882 km. 
Roads 1.98 millions km 
Boards Belem, Fortaleza, Ilheus, Imbituba, Manaus, Paranagua, Porto Alegre, Recife, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande, Salvador, Santos and Vitoria 
Main Airports  Brasilia International Airport, Guarulhos International Airport of São Paulo, Congonhas International Airport of São Paulo, Santos Dumont International Airport of Rio de Janeiro. 

 

Menú
Laws that govern the labor market Minimum Monthly
Taxes Cost of the basic monthly basket
Work Days and Holidays Sectors with the larger demand for Workers / Industry
Social Security and Vacations Habits and Customs
Active labor force Some Macro Economic Indicators
Unemployment   
 
Laws that govern the labor market A Labor Law and the 100 Law of 1993 govern the work system; the 100 Law governs the social security and pensions systems. The aforesaid applies mainly to employees of the private sector who sign work contracts.  Employees of the public sector have a special legislation for each sector.  There are official employees and public servants.  Those who belong to the private sector but offer public services are treated as public servants.

 

 Taxes

Income Tax (starting from 4,6 minimum salaries (1,200,000 Colombian pesos, or US$ 546): 4% of the salary (it increases according to the minimum salaries)

Health System*: 4%

Pensions Fund: 3,37% for less than 4 minimum salaries

National Solidarity Fund (of 4 minimum salaries on): 1%

*Every citizen must be affiliated to a Health Promoting Firm

 
Work Days and Holidays The workweek is 48 hours long, made up of 8-hour days, from Monday to Saturday. Overtime is paid extra. 
Average arrival time: 

8:30 a.m.

Average Leaving time: 

5:30 p.m.

Average lunch time:

1 hour

Legal Holidays (pay is mandatory) 

15 days year:
· January 1st and 6 (New Year, Día de Reyes
· March 20· April (it varies-, Easter Thursday Good Friday)
· May 1st (Labor Day)
· June 5 and 26 (religious holidays)
· July 20 (Independence Day)
· August 7 and 21 (Battle of Boyacá, religious holiday)
· October 16 (religious holiday, date varies)
· November 1 (All Saints Day)· December 8 and 25 religious holiday, Christmas)

 
Social Security and Vacations

Vacations (from the 6th month on) 

15 workdays, once a year, paid. Up to two years may be accumulated.

Christmas bonus and others* 

Christmas bonus corresponds to the salary of 15 days. There is a bonus at mid year and it is paid from the third month of work on; it is equivalent to 15 days of work per six months.

*In case of collective agreements, other types of bonuses are offered, which may or may not constitute a salary.

 
Active labor force/
Total Population

(1994 figures)

 

Total Population 33,109,840

Economically Active Population 78,3%

Working Population 11,125,000

 
Unemployment 
Unemployed 

3,062,000

National Unemployment Rate (first quarter of year 2000) 

16,6%

In the major cities of Colombia 20,0%.

In the metropolitan areas the rate of unemployment was 20,2% in March of the year 2000, while the rate of employment was 51%.
The labor force increased by 392,326 people.

 
Minimum Monthly Salary (August 2000)

Minimum Income - (US$ 118) $260,100 Colombian pesos
*Workers who receive less than two minimum salaries, receive a subvention for transportation, the equivalent of $26,400.

 
Cost of the basic monthly basket Per person (US$ 118) $260,000 Colombian pesos

 
Sectors with the larger demand for Workers / Industry In the 7 most important metropolitan areas, the sectors with the largest employment offer are services industires, commerce and industry (national survey of homes of the National Department of Surveys).
The largest number of employed are in the areas of financial services 9,4%, the transport area, around 7,2, and in construction 5,0.
Even though in Colombia the sector with the most employment is the agricultural/livestock, the displaced population of the countryside has increased its job demand in the manufacturing sector and in informal commerce.
The principal industries of the country are in the following areas: textiles, petroleum, food, footwear and clothing, drinks, chemicals, cement, gold, carbon and emeralds.

 
Habits and Customs

Most of the entrepreneur and labor life in Colombia is reflected in its TV soap operas. Café, Las Ejecutivas, Vuelo Secreto, Perro Amor and at present Yo soy Betty, la Fea; these are caricaturized examples of life in a company. The Colombian women are excellent workers and it is not uncommon to find them as secretaries, messengers, top executives, and cashiers in banks and as company managers. This means that the home is somehow present at work.
During school vacations it is not unusual to have all kinds of activities for the children while the mothers are at work. This feminine presence is also reflected in the importance that is given to social events, such as the day of love and the day of friendship. As a matter of fact, for Colombians, men and women alike, any space or occasion is adequate for dancing and having some drinks. This makes the work environment amiable, notwithstanding its demands.

Clothing and a formal way of speaking are of utmost importance. The people of Bogotá , in particular, only answer to "I beg you, please", "at your feet", and respond with cordial coolness, distanced by the use of "usted", which is used even in the homes. In the larger part of the public institutions and private companies the dress, tie and not-too-short skirts are required from Monday to Thursday; while occasionally on Fridays, a little informality is accepted.

This rigid attitude of Bogotá contrasts with colloquial expressions which occasionally are too informal and are normally used in the Atlantic and Pacific Coasts, these are expressions such as "my love" and the use of "tu" to an unknown person. The differences between the center of the country and the coast are present from manners to punctuality and timetables.

 
Some Macro Economic Indicators
Gross Domestic Product (percentage variation) (1999)

2.23%

Annual Inflation Rate 1999 

3.9%

 

Tasa anual de inflación 1999

9.23%

Exchange Rate related to the dollar (2000) 23 August, 2000  Representative Rate US$1=$2,196 Variation +0,40%

 

Sara Araújo (Conteni2digitales.com)
Sources: Bank of the Republic, National Department of Statistics (DANE),Consumers Association, National Federation of Consumers.