Costa Rica

 

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Oficial Name Republic of Costa Rica 

Superficie 51.100 km2 
Weather Tropical. Two seasons: dry (December - April); Rainy season (May - November) 
Geography

It is located in Central America, bordering the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean. It is between Nicaragua and Panama. 

Capital City San José 
Coin Costa Rican Colon 
Population

3.710.558 (July 2000 approx.) 
0-14 years old: 32% 
15-64 years old: 63% 
More than 65 years old: 5% 

Demographic Growth 1.69% (2000 approx.) 
Religion

Catholic 85%
Evangelic protestant: 14%
Others: 1% 

 

Percentage of People Instruction 94.8% 
Type of goverment  Democratic Republic 
President Miguel Angel Rodríguez (since May 08th, 1998) 
Organization

Executive Power:

President (Chief of State and Government) and First Vice-president are elected by popular vote for a period of four years.Cabinet de Ministries appointed by the President

Legislative Power:

Legislative unicameral Assembly integrated by 57 members who are elected through popular vote for a period of four years.

Judicial Power:

Supreme Court of 8 judges elected by the National Assembly for a period of eight years. 

Administrative division  7 provinces 
National Day September 15th, 1821 Day of the Independence 
Constitution November 7th, 1949 
Popular Parties Christian Social Party (PUSC)
National Liberation Party (PLN) 
National Independent Party 
National Christian Alliance 
Agriculture Coffee, bananas, sugar, corn, rice, grains, potatoes, meat, wood. 
Industries Microprocessors, food, textiles, construction materials, fertilizers, plastics. 
Phone Lines 525.700 (1996) 
Mobile Phone Lines 46.500 (1996) 
Internet Service Providers 2 (1998) 
TV stations 6 (1997) 
Rail Ways 950 km 
Roads 37.273 km 
Boards Caldera, Golfito, Moin, Puerto Limón, Puerto Quepos, Puntarenas 
Main Airports  Juan Santamaría International Airport (San José). 

 

Menú
Laws that govern the labor market Minimum Monthly
Taxes Cost of the basic monthly basket
Work Days and Holidays Sectors with the larger demand for Workers / Industry
Social Security and Vacations Habits and Customs
Active labor force Some Macro Economic Indicators
Unemployment   
 
Laws that govern the labor market A Labor Law and the 100 Law of 1993 govern the work system; the 100 Law governs the social security and pensions systems. The aforesaid applies mainly to employees of the private sector who sign work contracts.  Employees of the public sector have a special legislation for each sector.  There are official employees and public servants.  Those who belong to the private sector but offer public services are treated as public servants.

 

 Taxes

Income Tax (starting from 4,6 minimum salaries (1,200,000 Colombian pesos, or US$ 546): 4% of the salary (it increases according to the minimum salaries)

Health System*: 4%

Pensions Fund: 3,37% for less than 4 minimum salaries

National Solidarity Fund (of 4 minimum salaries on): 1%

*Every citizen must be affiliated to a Health Promoting Firm

 
Work Days and Holidays The workweek is 48 hours long, made up of 8-hour days, from Monday to Saturday. Overtime is paid extra. 
Average arrival time: 

8:30 a.m.

Average Leaving time: 

5:30 p.m.

Average lunch time:

1 hour

Legal Holidays (pay is mandatory) 

15 days year:
· January 1st and 6 (New Year, Día de Reyes
· March 20· April (it varies-, Easter Thursday Good Friday)
· May 1st (Labor Day)
· June 5 and 26 (religious holidays)
· July 20 (Independence Day)
· August 7 and 21 (Battle of Boyacá, religious holiday)
· October 16 (religious holiday, date varies)
· November 1 (All Saints Day)· December 8 and 25 religious holiday, Christmas)

 
Social Security and Vacations

Vacations (from the 6th month on) 

15 workdays, once a year, paid. Up to two years may be accumulated.

Christmas bonus and others* 

Christmas bonus corresponds to the salary of 15 days. There is a bonus at mid year and it is paid from the third month of work on; it is equivalent to 15 days of work per six months.

*In case of collective agreements, other types of bonuses are offered, which may or may not constitute a salary.

 
Active labor force/
Total Population

(1994 figures)

 

Total Population 33,109,840

Economically Active Population 78,3%

Working Population 11,125,000

 
Unemployment 
Unemployed 

3,062,000

National Unemployment Rate (first quarter of year 2000) 

16,6%

In the major cities of Colombia 20,0%.

In the metropolitan areas the rate of unemployment was 20,2% in March of the year 2000, while the rate of employment was 51%.
The labor force increased by 392,326 people.

 
Minimum Monthly Salary (August 2000)

Minimum Income - (US$ 118) $260,100 Colombian pesos
*Workers who receive less than two minimum salaries, receive a subvention for transportation, the equivalent of $26,400.

 
Cost of the basic monthly basket Per person (US$ 118) $260,000 Colombian pesos

 
Sectors with the larger demand for Workers / Industry In the 7 most important metropolitan areas, the sectors with the largest employment offer are services industires, commerce and industry (national survey of homes of the National Department of Surveys).
The largest number of employed are in the areas of financial services 9,4%, the transport area, around 7,2, and in construction 5,0.
Even though in Colombia the sector with the most employment is the agricultural/livestock, the displaced population of the countryside has increased its job demand in the manufacturing sector and in informal commerce.
The principal industries of the country are in the following areas: textiles, petroleum, food, footwear and clothing, drinks, chemicals, cement, gold, carbon and emeralds.

 
Habits and Customs

Most of the entrepreneur and labor life in Colombia is reflected in its TV soap operas. Café, Las Ejecutivas, Vuelo Secreto, Perro Amor and at present Yo soy Betty, la Fea; these are caricaturized examples of life in a company. The Colombian women are excellent workers and it is not uncommon to find them as secretaries, messengers, top executives, and cashiers in banks and as company managers. This means that the home is somehow present at work.
During school vacations it is not unusual to have all kinds of activities for the children while the mothers are at work. This feminine presence is also reflected in the importance that is given to social events, such as the day of love and the day of friendship. As a matter of fact, for Colombians, men and women alike, any space or occasion is adequate for dancing and having some drinks. This makes the work environment amiable, notwithstanding its demands.

Clothing and a formal way of speaking are of utmost importance. The people of Bogotá , in particular, only answer to "I beg you, please", "at your feet", and respond with cordial coolness, distanced by the use of "usted", which is used even in the homes. In the larger part of the public institutions and private companies the dress, tie and not-too-short skirts are required from Monday to Thursday; while occasionally on Fridays, a little informality is accepted.

This rigid attitude of Bogotá contrasts with colloquial expressions which occasionally are too informal and are normally used in the Atlantic and Pacific Coasts, these are expressions such as "my love" and the use of "tu" to an unknown person. The differences between the center of the country and the coast are present from manners to punctuality and timetables.

 
Some Macro Economic Indicators
Gross Domestic Product (percentage variation) (1999)

2.23%

Annual Inflation Rate 1999 

3.9%

 

Tasa anual de inflación 1999

9.23%

Exchange Rate related to the dollar (2000) 23 August, 2000  Representative Rate US$1=$2,196 Variation +0,40%

 

Sara Araújo (Conteni2digitales.com)
Sources: Bank of the Republic, National Department of Statistics (DANE),Consumers Association, National Federation of Consumers.